Feasibility analysis of replacing metal halide lamps with LED lights
Release date: 2017-11-28 Source: led network share: 
1. The origin of the name of the metal halide lamp
We know that Philips is the inventor of fluorescent lamps in the Netherlands. Fluorescent lamps generate ultraviolet light by hitting mercury vapor with an electron beam and then emitting ultraviolet light onto the phosphor to produce visible light. The so-called energy-saving lamps in the future are actually made by making fluorescent lamps thin, curved and integrated with electronic ballasts. They also made high-pressure mercury lamps on the basis of fluorescent lamps. In the past, they were called mercury lamps, which were often used for taking pictures and making movies. Later, everyone knows that mercury is highly toxic. They are no longer called mercury lamps. Because they contain halogen compounds, they should actually be called Mercury Halide Lamps, but Philips calls it Metal Halide Lamp. Metal replaces mercury, and in China, the metal is reduced to gold. It is called the metal halide lamp. In fact, there is no gold in it, but only silver, but it is not silver, but poisonous mercury! This shows that these big companies are really ignorant of the Chinese people's ability!
2. Specifications of metal halide lamps
Philips' metal halide lamps are available in the following specifications:
PAR20 35W 942, PAR20 35W 830, PAR30 35W 942, PAR30 35W 830, PAR30 70W 942, PAR30 70W 830.
35W is the nominal power, while the actual power is 39W, 70W is also the nominal power, and the actual power is 73W.
942 and 830 are the difference in color temperature, the color coordinate of 942 is x=371, y=366; and 830 is x=433, y=402,
In fact, 942 is 4200K, and 830 is 3000K.
3. The size and angle of the metal halide lamp
The shape of the metal halide lamp is as follows:
Although the metal halide lamp also uses the PAR20 and PAR30 lamp names, its size is very different from that of the PAR lamp, mainly because of its long length (because the high pressure mercury lamp itself requires a certain length of discharge), but only the diameter and PAR. The lights are the same.
It has three beam angles, 26°, 34° and 70°.
4. The price of metal halide lamps
At present, the prices that can be found on Alibaba.com are the same. The prices of the above-mentioned Philips metal halide lamps are the same, all of which are 125 yuan (without ballast). However, the price of domestically produced metal halide lamps is uneven. For example, NVC Lighting 's TLH301 70W metal halide lamp track light with magnetic ballast and track light system, priced at 240 yuan. As shown below:
Shanghai Yaming's metal halide lamp with ballast, 299 yuan for 250W, 325 yuan for 400W. The shape is as follows:
Non-brand Changzhou new bright 1000W metal halide lamp, if you use Yaming's metal halide lamp for 850 yuan, if you use Philips' 1000W metal halide lamp, the price is 1,200 yuan, its appearance is as follows:
5. Performance of metal halide lamps
Although the current sales of metal halide lamps are the most 70W metal halide lamps, these are used by ordinary businesses. In addition, there are more powerful metal halide lamps, mainly industrial and mining lamps. Their performance indicators are as follows:
E27 lamp head below 150W, above E40 lamp head
Color temperature: 4500K
Lumens: 1000 watts, 80,000 lumens (Philips)
Light efficiency: Because the metal halide lamp is usually 360-degree light, there is a lot of light blocked during vertical installation, so the overall lighting effect is very low.
Life expectancy: 30,000 hours, 6 hours a day, can be 10 years
IP65
The temperature of the bulb of the metal halide lamp is extremely high because its luminous efficiency is not affected by temperature, so in order to increase the temperature of the bulb, quartz is used instead of glass. Later, transparent ceramics were used instead of quartz.
In fact, the biggest disadvantage of metal halide lamps is that they require a ballast in addition to mercury. Because its starting current is much higher than 15A and requires a high starting voltage, the most common use is to use a large inductor like fluorescent lamps. As a result, its power factor PF value is very low, about 0.5. If you want a high PF, you must use an electronic ballast that performs better but is more expensive. The price of a common inductor ballast is 65 yuan, and the price of an energy-saving magnetic ballast is 80 yuan. The price of electronic ballasts will cost hundreds of dollars.
6. Compare with LED lights
Although LEDs have many advantages, at present, most of them can only replace metal halide lamps below 150W. As for LED lamps to replace 400W to 1000W metal halide lamps, it is necessary to use a radiator with a large water cooling cycle.
7. Metal halide lamp production and market
From 1999 to 2004, the output of metal halide lamps in China is shown in the following figure:
Unit: 10,000
China's metal halide lamp production
From 2 million in 1999 to 18.42 million in 2004.
According to estimates in 2007, the sales volume of metal halide lamps will reach 41.5 million baht in the next three years, with total sales exceeding 8.7 billion, of which electronic halide lamps account for at least 20%, that is, sales of 8.3 million baht and sales of 15.4. 100 million yuan. According to preliminary statistics, there were less than 50 domestic manufacturers of metal halide lamps in 2007, mainly in Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Beijing and other regions. The main production enterprises are Philips, Osram, GE, Shanghai Yaming, Jiangsu. Pros, Foshan Lighting, Foshan Huaquan Lighting, etc.
In 2009, the output of metal halide lamps has reached 45 million and is increasing at a rate of 15-20% per year.
China Photographic Association predicts that the output of metal halide lamps in 2010 will be 50 million. The vast majority of them are 70W metal halide lamps.
The estimated production in 2014 was 90 million.
Sales of metal halide lamps in the first half of 2015 generally increased by 10%-30%.
8. Replace the trend of 70W metal halide lamp with LED PAR lamp
The total lumen of the 70W metal halide lamp is 5600 lumens. However, the overall lighting efficiency of the 70W metal halide lamp is relatively low, because the efficiency of the ballast is also included. The efficiency of the ballast is about: electronic ballast: 91-93% , Inductance ballast: 77-82%. However, from the lumens, it seems that the efficiency of the ballast is not considered. If the efficiency of the ballast is considered, the total lumen of the electronic ballast is 5096 lumens and the total lumen of the magnetic ballast is 4312 lumens.
Now there are a large number of 35 watt LEDPAR30 lamps on the Internet to replace the 70W metal halide lamps, all using fan cooling. Its shape is similar:
According to Alibaba's data, more than 1,800 companies across the country are producing and selling LEDPAR lamps that attempt to replace 70W metal halide lamps. It is really like an explosion-like market, showing how much the market demand is, but also It can be seen that the competition is fierce.
9. The main problems of the current manufacturers are as follows:
To replace the 70W metal halide lamp, the lumen number must be above 5600 lumens. Most of the 35W PAR30 on the market now have a luminous flux of less than 3000 lumens and a luminous efficacy of only 85lm/W. That is, their brightness is much lower than the 70W metal halide lamp.
If you take the highest efficiency Philips CDM-TC/830/70w ceramic metal halide lamp as an alternative: luminous flux: 6600lm, luminous efficiency 94.2lm / w, color temperature 3000k, Ra83, life 9000h, wholesale price 222 yuan / only, if adopted The LED light engine with a luminous efficiency of 110 lm/W requires at least 60W.
Now almost all LEDPAR lamps that attempt to replace the 70W metal halide lamp have a power of only 35W. This may be because the PAR30 lamp housing is used. Even with the cooling fan, it can't exceed 35W, and the power of 35W. To output 6600 lumens, the luminous efficacy must reach 188 lm / W, which is clearly impossible in the current technology.
In fact, because the input power of the 70W metal halide lamp is about 80W, as long as the power of the LED lamp is increased, the 70W metal halide lamp can be replaced without any problem.
10. Effie's 60W LED lamp
Effie recently cooperated with Shanghai Jingsheng Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd., which provided radiators by Jingsheng. Effielai provided light engines and developed a 60W LED lamp to replace 70W metal halide lamps. Its appearance is as follows:
E27 lamp head (plus conversion head can be turned into E40), also uses fan cooling, the whole lamp weight does not exceed 500g. Outer diameter: 87mm, length: 165mm. The total lumen is 6900 lumens (far more than the 6600 lumens of the Philips Metal Halide). The luminous efficiency is 115lm/W, the color temperature is 5700K, and the color rendering index is greater than 84. The input power is 60W, compared with the 73W of the Philips metal halide lamp (plus the ballast consumes 8W, a total of 81W), saving 21W (35%). Moreover, the input power consumed does not change with the input voltage at all (see the figure below), and the light effect does not change substantially with the voltage:
The vertical coordinate is the input power and light efficiency consumed by the luminaire, and the abscissa is the change of the input mains voltage.
Compared with metal halide lamps, the other biggest advantage is that it is mercury-free, non-toxic and pollution-free.
And Philips' 70W metal halide lamp is priced at 130 yuan, plus 8W magnetic ballast 89 yuan, plus a lampshade 18 yuan, a total of 237 yuan, and LED lights may be half of its price. (Author: Mao Yu Hai)
Label: Feasibility analysis of replacing metal halide lamps with LED lights
External Cavity Tunable Laser,Laser Grating Sensor,Bragg Grating Stabilized Laser,Grating Stabilized Diode Laser
AcePhotonics Co.,Ltd. , https://www.acephotonics.com