The S-type thermocouple, also known as a platinum-rhodium thermocouple, has several limitations that affect its performance and application. One of the main drawbacks is its relatively low thermoelectric potential and a small rate of change in potential with temperature, which can result in reduced sensitivity. Additionally, the mechanical strength of the thermocouple decreases at high temperatures, making it more prone to damage. It is also highly sensitive to contamination, which can affect measurement accuracy. Due to the use of precious metals like platinum and rhodium, the initial cost of an S-type thermocouple is quite high, limiting its use in some cost-sensitive applications.
S-type thermocouples are classified as noble metal thermocouples and are typically used for measuring temperatures ranging from 0°C to 1600°C. The positive leg (SP) is made of a platinum-rhodium alloy containing 10% rhodium and 90% platinum, while the negative leg (SN) is pure platinum. The wire diameter is standardized at 0.5 mm with a tolerance of -0.015 mm. These thermocouples can operate continuously up to 1300°C and temporarily withstand temperatures up to 1600°C. They are widely used in high-temperature environments such as steel mills and petrochemical plants due to their excellent stability and accuracy.
S-type thermocouples are known for their high accuracy, long-term stability, and broad operating range, making them one of the most reliable types in the thermocouple family. They exhibit good physical and chemical properties, especially at high temperatures, where they resist oxidation and maintain consistent thermoelectric output. This makes them suitable for use in oxidizing or inert atmospheres. Although the ITS-90 standard no longer recommends them as primary reference instruments, the International Temperature Advisory Committee still acknowledges their usefulness in approximating the international temperature scale.
While S-type thermocouples perform best within a long-term operating range of 800°C to 1300°C, their accuracy drops below 800°C. At temperatures above 1300°C, the thermocouple may degrade more quickly, reducing its lifespan. Choosing the correct thermocouple type and index number is crucial for achieving accurate and reliable temperature measurements in industrial and scientific settings.
S-Type Thermocouple Manufacturers Explain the Working PrincipleA thermocouple works based on the thermoelectric effect, which occurs when two different conductive materials are joined at both ends to form a closed loop. When there is a temperature difference between the two junctions, an electromotive force (EMF) is generated in the circuit. This EMF is referred to as the thermoelectric potential. The end that is exposed to the temperature being measured is called the "hot junction" or "measuring junction," while the other end, usually kept at a reference temperature, is called the "cold junction" or "reference junction." The cold junction is connected to a measuring instrument that interprets the thermoelectric potential as a temperature value.
Thermocouples act as energy converters, transforming thermal energy into electrical energy. When selecting or using a thermocouple, it's important to understand the following key points about the thermoelectric potential:
- The thermoelectric potential depends on the temperature difference across the junctions, not just the absolute temperature.
- For a uniform thermocouple material, the magnitude of the potential is independent of the length or diameter of the wires.
- The potential is determined by the composition of the materials and the temperature difference between the two ends.
- If the cold junction temperature remains constant, the thermoelectric potential becomes a unique function of the hot junction temperature.
The S-type thermocouple is made of a platinum-rhodium alloy for the positive leg and pure platinum for the negative leg. The positive leg contains 10% rhodium and 90% platinum, while the negative leg is composed entirely of platinum. The wire diameter is specified at 0.5 mm with a tolerance of -0.015 mm. These thermocouples are designed for high-temperature applications, with a continuous operating limit of 1300°C and a short-term maximum of 1600°C.
Due to their superior accuracy, stability, and resistance to oxidation, S-type thermocouples are often used in critical temperature measurement applications. Their ability to maintain consistent performance under extreme conditions makes them a preferred choice in industries where precision is essential, such as in metallurgy, aerospace, and laboratory research.
Dual-band WiFi module refers to the WiFi module that supports both 2.4GHZ and 5GHz bands. The dual-band WiFi module can operate in the 5Ghz band, which is much cleaner and can easily avoid interfering with each other. The advantage of 2.4G is that it has good ability to penetrate the wall, and the disadvantage is that it is easy to be disturbed. The advantages of 5G are strong anti-interference ability, wide band width, high throughput rate, and strong scalability, but the disadvantage is that 5G is only suitable for indoor small-range coverage and outdoor bridge, and the attenuation effect of various obstacles on it is much larger than 2.4g.
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The transmitting power of the WIFI module is generally about 18dBm, and the transmitting power of the high-power WIFI module is about 28dBm.
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