With the widespread rollout of 3G networks across China, mobile service providers are entering a phase of rapid development. As part of this transformation, the mobile backhaul network is undergoing a full transition to IP-based infrastructure, from the core to the access points. Over the next few years, the process of making China’s mobile service and bearer networks fully IP-enabled will accelerate significantly, driven by the expansion of 3G services. The introduction of high-speed mobile broadband will further push the industry toward an all-IP environment.
Mobile backhaul refers to the network infrastructure that connects base stations to the core network, enabling seamless data transmission. Shanghai Bell, leveraging Alcatel-Lucent's cutting-edge technologies in both wired and wireless domains, offers a highly integrated and comprehensive mobile backhaul solution. This architecture supports end-to-end management, combining various technologies such as wired and wireless systems, which simplifies operations and reduces maintenance costs. It enhances scalability, availability, and flexibility, allowing operators to deploy broadband services over diverse media, including fiber, copper, and wireless.
When it comes to mobile backhaul solutions, several options are available, such as Carrier Ethernet, PTN (Packet Transport Network), and MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching). These can be combined to create more flexible and efficient systems. However, based on extensive lab testing, field trials, and real-world deployments, most operators tend to favor IP/MPLS and PTN due to their maturity, performance, and alignment with existing operational practices.
MPLS improves the reliability and availability of IP networks, delivering carrier-grade transmission performance. It also enables the transport and convergence of multiple services, including TDM, ATM, and Ethernet, turning IP networks into a versatile multi-service platform. Since many metropolitan area networks are already built on IP/MPLS, it makes sense to align mobile backhaul with the evolution of these networks.
PTN, on the other hand, builds upon the robust operations and maintenance capabilities of traditional SDH networks, offering flexible packet and circuit transmission. This allows operators to maintain their existing SDH experience while efficiently utilizing existing infrastructure.
IP/MPLS-based mobile backhaul solutions support fixed and mobile convergence, enabling operators to unify the delivery of fixed and mobile services over a single IP metropolitan area network. This not only cuts down on investment and operational costs but also facilitates the integration of services. By deploying IP/MPLS for mobile backhaul, operators can achieve convergence quickly and at lower costs.
In practice, operators often choose to build a second plane for high-quality services, ensuring that critical traffic isn’t affected by lower-priority user traffic. This approach allows for better service quality and security, while still making use of existing infrastructure.
Another key aspect of mobile backhaul is the ability to support multiple access methods. IP/MPLS-based backhaul solutions, such as those using MPLS pseudowire technology, can handle a wide range of interfaces, from TDM and ATM to Ethernet, making them ideal for multi-service environments.
Shanghai Bell’s IP/MPLS-based mobile backhaul solution utilizes equipment like the 7750SR, 7450ESS, 7710SR, and 7705SAR routers. These devices use IETF-standard pseudowire technology to encapsulate and transmit various types of service data, including Ethernet frames, ATM cells, and TDM signals, within an IP/MPLS network. At the base station level, the 7705SAR router plays a crucial role, converting different signal formats into Ethernet before sending them through pseudowires.
For operators dealing with growing packet traffic, PTN-based solutions offer high efficiency and strong aggregation capabilities. Products like the 1850TSS series allow operators to manage both TDM and IP traffic effectively. These systems preserve the operational experience of SDH-based networks while offering flexibility in transitioning to an all-IP future.
In conclusion, mobile backhaul planning should not just focus on current needs but also consider long-term network development and compatibility with existing services. As mobile services evolve from voice-centric to data-heavy, backhaul solutions must adapt accordingly. Successful implementations include projects with global operators like Verizon, Orange, and Vodafone, where Alcatel-Lucent has played a key role. In China, PTN-based solutions have proven effective, with numerous deployments across multiple provinces, demonstrating strong performance in network self-healing, clock synchronization, and voice quality.
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