Tesla has become a household name in the world of electric vehicles. But what kind of battery does Tesla use, and how long does it last? This article provides an in-depth look at the battery system used in Tesla cars, based on a detailed disassembly and analysis.
Many people are curious about the impressive battery life of Tesla vehicles. Why do their batteries perform so well? To find out, we took a closer look at the battery pack of a Tesla Model S.
The Model S is known for its sleek design, rapid acceleration (0-60 mph in just 3.2 seconds), and a range of up to 440 kilometers. These features are made possible by a powerful battery system. The Model S battery weighs around 900 kg and is positioned directly beneath the passenger compartment. Not only does it provide energy for the motor, but it also helps lower the vehicle’s center of gravity, improving stability at high speeds.
Recently, some tech enthusiasts have opened up a Tesla Model S battery pack to explore its inner workings.
**1. Battery Appearance**
The battery pack is located between the front and rear axles and weighs approximately 900 kg. Its low placement contributes to better handling and stability. Despite its size, the battery pack isn't the main structural component. It is reinforced with ribs and a protective frame, which significantly reduces the risk of explosion during collisions.
Inside, the battery pack has a label indicating its capacity—85 kWh and 400V DC. This means the battery can power an average household for about a month.
**2. Disassembling the Battery Board and Connections**
The battery pack is covered with a plastic film and fireproof material underneath. Beneath this, the actual battery modules are housed. The cover is bolted to the frame, and the joints are sealed with adhesive. The overall protection is strong and well-designed.
The Model S battery consists of 16 battery modules connected in series, with each module containing 444 lithium cells arranged in parallel every 74 sections. This totals to 7,104 18650 lithium-ion batteries.
A large fuse is located at the front of the battery pack, protected by a housing. It's rated for 630A and 690V, and it's manufactured in India under global sourcing trends. The cost is around 600 yuan.
Each of the 16 modules is arranged evenly within the housing, allowing for efficient heat dissipation. The layout of the individual battery cells is not perfectly balanced, possibly to accommodate heat sinks more effectively.
Voltage measurements showed that the panel voltage was 313.8V, while the cell voltage was 196.3V. This suggests that the battery may not be fully charged.
Each battery has a fuse to prevent overheating, and these fuses are neatly soldered. The wiring connects to the battery control module, monitoring voltage levels to ensure safe operation.
The entire battery pack is enclosed in a transparent plastic case with metal heat shields. Its flat design helps lower the car’s center of gravity, enhancing performance and safety.
**3. Thermal Management System**
In addition to the battery modules, the panel includes a coolant system. Although there is no active pump, the pipes allow the coolant to expand and contract, circulating within a certain range.
The coolant is a 50/50 mixture of water and ethylene glycol, flowing through aluminum tubes to regulate temperature. Tesla’s thermal management system keeps the battery temperature within ±2°C, preventing degradation and extending battery life.
**4. Battery Management System (BMS)**
The BMS is crucial for monitoring and managing the battery pack. It handles data acquisition, state estimation, energy control, thermal regulation, safety, and communication. Tesla’s BMS is developed in-house and represents a high level of innovation.
This system ensures smooth charging and discharging, contributing to the longevity and efficiency of the battery.
**5. Conclusion**
Through this disassembly, we gained valuable insights into the Tesla Model S battery. The number of 18650 cells is determined by the total capacity, the coolant system works with aluminum tubes to balance heat, and the advanced BMS ensures optimal performance.
Overall, the Model S battery is well-protected, with a sophisticated internal structure and a highly developed management system. Domestic manufacturers would face significant challenges in replicating such technology.
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